Figure 4

Calculated membrane binding modes for C1B domain of PLCδ with phorbol ester PMA (A) and Epsin-ENTH domain with lipid ligand PI(4,5)P ₂ (B). The backbone of two H-type domains and the specific lipid ligands are shown in ribbon and stick model, respectively. Residues identified as penetrating to the membrane in mutagenesis and binding experiments are colored red. Zn²⁺ ions (C1 domain) shown as balls colored magenta. Cationic residues involved in ligand and membrane interactions are colored blue. Hydrocarbon core boundary at the cytoplasmic side is indicated by blue dots. The layer of lipid phosphates ("P") is shown by gold dots (at 5 Å outside the hydrocarbon boundary). The center of membrane is indicated by grey dots (at 15 Å inside the boundary).