Fig. 10

The (κ,τ) spectrum of initiator I and IV. The figure a shows the \(\mathbb Z_{2}\) gauge transformed spectrum of bond and torsion angles in the case of the initiator I. This reveals that the initiator is a two-kink configuration that forms a loop between α-helical and β-stranded regular secondary structures. The figures b and c show the bond and torsion angle spectra of the bend-like initiator IV prior and subsequent to the \(\mathbb Z_{2}\) gauge transformation, respectively