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  1. The phenazines are redox-active secondary metabolites that a large number of bacterial strains produce and excrete into the environment. They possess antibiotic activity owing to the fact that they can reduce ...

    Authors: Shen Yu, Allegra Vit, Sean Devenish, H Khris Mahanty, Aymelt Itzen, Roger S Goody and Wulf Blankenfeldt
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:33
  2. MHC class II proteins bind oligopeptide fragments derived from proteolysis of pathogen antigens, presenting them at the cell surface for recognition by CD4+ T cells. Human MHC class II alleles are grouped into...

    Authors: Atanas Patronov, Ivan Dimitrov, Darren R Flower and Irini Doytchinova
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:32
  3. Protease inhibitors designed to bind to protease have become major anti-AIDS drugs. Unfortunately, the emergence of viral mutations severely limits the long-term efficiency of the inhibitors. The resistance me...

    Authors: Yi Mao
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:31
  4. Matriptase is a type II transmembrane serine protease that is found on the surfaces of epithelial cells and certain cancer cells. Matriptase has been implicated in the degradation of certain extracellular matr...

    Authors: Cai Yuan, Liqing Chen, Edward J Meehan, Norelle Daly, David J Craik, Mingdong Huang and Jacky C Ngo
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:30
  5. Although structural domains in proteins (SDs) are important, half of the regions in the human proteome are currently left with no SD assignments. These unassigned regions consist not only of novel SDs, but als...

    Authors: Satoshi Fukuchi, Kazuo Hosoda, Keiichi Homma, Takashi Gojobori and Ken Nishikawa
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:29
  6. Bacterial division is produced by the formation of a macromolecular complex in the middle of the cell, called the divisome, formed by more than 10 proteins. This process can be divided into two steps, in which th...

    Authors: Felipe Villanelo, Alexis Ordenes, Juan Brunet, Rosalba Lagos and Octavio Monasterio
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:28
  7. Alkyl hydroperoxidase activity provides an important antioxidant defense for bacterial cells. The catalytic mechanism requires two peroxidases, AhpC and AhpD, where AhpD plays the role of an essential adaptor ...

    Authors: Teresa E Clarke, Vladimir Romanov, Yuri N Chirgadze, Chananat Klomsiri, Gera Kisselman, Jean Wu-Brown, Leslie B Poole, Emil F Pai and Nickolay Y Chirgadze
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:27
  8. Modeling of transmembrane domains (TMDs) requires correct prediction of interfacial residues for in-silico modeling and membrane insertion studies. This implies the defining of a target sequence long enough to...

    Authors: Yan Charlois, Laurence Lins and Robert Brasseur
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:26
  9. DraD invasin encoded by the dra operon possesses a classical structure characteristic to fimbrial subunits of the chaperone/usher type. The Ig-fold of the DraD possesses two major characteristics distinguishin...

    Authors: Rafał J Piątek, Piotr Bruździak, Beata M Zalewska-Piątek, Marek A Wojciechowski, Justyna M Namieśnik and Józef W Kur
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:25
  10. Disrupting protein-protein interactions by small organic molecules is nowadays a promising strategy employed to block protein targets involved in different pathologies. However, structural changes occurring at...

    Authors: Adriana Isvoran, Anne Badel, Constantin T Craescu, Simona Miron and Maria A Miteva
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:24
  11. Malate synthase, one of the two enzymes unique to the glyoxylate cycle, is found in all three domains of life, and is crucial to the utilization of two-carbon compounds for net biosynthetic pathways such as gl...

    Authors: Colten D Bracken, Amber M Neighbor, Kenneth K Lamlenn, Geoffrey C Thomas, Heidi L Schubert, Frank G Whitby and Bruce R Howard
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:23
  12. F-spondin is a multi-domain extracellular matrix (ECM) protein and a contact-repellent molecule that directs axon outgrowth and cell migration during development. The reelin_N domain and the F-spondin domain (...

    Authors: Kemin Tan and Jack Lawler
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:22
  13. The enzyme dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) participates in the de novo synthesis of folate cofactors by catalyzing the formation of 7,8-dihydropteroate from condensation of p-aminobenzoic acid with 6-hydroxymethy...

    Authors: Rachel E Morgan, Gaëlle O Batot, Jennifer M Dement, Vincenzo A Rao, Thomas C Eadsforth and William N Hunter
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:21
  14. Protein surfaces serve as an interface with the molecular environment and are thus tightly bound to protein function. On the surface, geometric and chemical complementarity to other molecules provides interact...

    Authors: Roi Gamliel, Klara Kedem, Rachel Kolodny and Chen Keasar
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:20
  15. MenH (2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate synthase) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of menaquinone, catalyzing an unusual 2,5-elimination of pyruvate from 2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydro...

    Authors: Alice Dawson, Paul K Fyfe, Florian Gillet and William N Hunter
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:19
  16. Iophenoxic acid is an iodinated radiocontrast agent that was withdrawn from clinical use because of its exceptionally long half-life in the body, which was due in part to its high-affinity binding to human ser...

    Authors: Ali J Ryan, Chun-wa Chung and Stephen Curry
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:18
  17. G protein-coupled receptors constitute the largest family of cell surface receptors in the mammalian genome. As the core of the G protein signal transduction machinery, the Gα subunits are required to interact...

    Authors: Andrew MF Liu, Rico KH Lo, Emily X Guo, Maurice KC Ho, Richard D Ye and Yung H Wong
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:17
  18. The TlyA protein has a controversial function as a virulence factor in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). At present, its dual activity as hemolysin and RNA methyltransferase in M. tuberculosis has bee...

    Authors: Nelson E Arenas, Luz M Salazar, Carlos Y Soto, Carolina Vizcaíno, Manuel E Patarroyo, Manuel A Patarroyo and Arley Gómez
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:16
  19. β-lactamase conjugated with environment-sensitive fluorescein molecule to residue 166 on the Ω-loop near its catalytic site is a highly effective biosensor for β-lactam antibiotics. Yet the molecular mechanism of...

    Authors: Wai-Ting Wong, Ho-Wah Au, Hong-Kin Yap, Yun-Chung Leung, Kwok-Yin Wong and Yanxiang Zhao
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:15
  20. The NIMA-related kinases (Neks) are widespread among eukaryotes. In mammalians they represent an evolutionarily conserved family of 11 serine/threonine kinases, with 40-45% amino acid sequence identity to the Asp...

    Authors: Gabriela V Meirelles, Júlio C Silva, Yuri de A Mendonça, Carlos HI Ramos, Iris L Torriani and Jörg Kobarg
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:12
  21. PH domains represent one of the most common domains in the human proteome. These domains are recognized as important mediators of protein-phosphoinositide and protein-protein interactions. Phosphoinositides ar...

    Authors: Sean G Jackson, Sarra Al-Saigh, Carsten Schultz and Murray S Junop
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:11
  22. Endoglucanases are usually considered to be synergistically involved in the initial stages of cellulose breakdown-an essential step in the bioprocessing of lignocellulosic plant materials into bioethanol. Desp...

    Authors: Ragothaman M Yennamalli, Andrew J Rader, Jeffrey D Wolt and Taner Z Sen
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:10
  23. Charge states of ionizable residues in proteins determine their pH-dependent properties through their pKa values. Thus, various theoretical methods to determine ionization constants of residues in biological syst...

    Authors: Michał Rostkowski, Mats HM Olsson, Chresten R Søndergaard and Jan H Jensen
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:6
  24. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in cancer chemotherapy. The drug efflux by a transport protein is the main reason for MDR. In humans, MDR mainly occurs when the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family...

    Authors: Changdev G Gadhe, Thirumurthy Madhavan, Gugan Kothandan and Seung Joo Cho
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:5
  25. Type IV secretion (T4S) systems are involved in secretion of virulence factors such as toxins or transforming molecules, or bacterial conjugation. T4S systems are composed of 12 proteins named VirB1-B11 and Vi...

    Authors: Eric Durand, Gabriel Waksman and Veronique Receveur-Brechot
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:4
  26. Scorpion toxins are invaluable tools for ion channel research and are potential drugs for human channelopathies. However, it is still an open task to determine the molecular basis underlying the diverse intera...

    Authors: Hong Yi, Su Qiu, Yingliang Wu, Wenxin Li and Baoshan Wang
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:3
  27. The Midwest Center for Structural Genomics (MCSG) is one of the large-scale centres of the Protein Structure Initiative (PSI). During the first two phases of the PSI the MCSG has solved over a thousand protein...

    Authors: David Lee, Tjaart AP de Beer, Roman A Laskowski, Janet M Thornton and Christine A Orengo
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:2
  28. A nucleosome is the fundamental repeating unit of the eukaryotic chromosome. It has been shown that the positioning of a majority of nucleosomes is primarily controlled by factors other than the intrinsic pref...

    Authors: Arvind Marathe and Manju Bansal
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2011 11:1
  29. The completion of maize genome sequencing has resulted in the identification of a large number of uncharacterized genes. Gene annotation and functional characterization of gene products are important to uncove...

    Authors: Jose C Jimenez-Lopez, Emma W Gachomo, Manfredo J Seufferheld and Simeon O Kotchoni
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:43
  30. Protein-DNA recognition underlies fundamental biological processes ranging from transcription to replication and modification. Herein, we present a computational study of the sequence modulation of internal dy...

    Authors: Rubben Torella, Elisabetta Moroni, Michele Caselle, Giulia Morra and Giorgio Colombo
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:42
  31. Plants produce a wide range of proteinaceous inhibitors to protect themselves against hydrolytic enzymes. Recently a novel protein XAIP belonging to a new sub-family (GH18C) was reported to inhibit two structu...

    Authors: Sanjit Kumar, Nagendra Singh, Biswajit Mishra, Divya Dube, Mau Sinha, S Baskar Singh, Sharmistha Dey, Punit Kaur, Sujata Sharma and Tej P Singh
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:41
  32. In conjunction with the recognition of the functional role of internal dynamics of proteins at various timescales, there is an emerging use of dynamic structural ensembles instead of individual conformers. The...

    Authors: Annamária F Ángyán, Balázs Szappanos, András Perczel and Zoltán Gáspári
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:39
  33. In kinetic crystallography, the usually static method of X-ray diffraction is expanded to allow time-resolved analysis of conformational rearrangements in protein structures. To achieve this, reactions have to...

    Authors: Björn U Klink and Axel J Scheidig
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:38
  34. Is it possible to identify what the best solution of a docking program is? The usual answer to this question is the highest score solution, but interactions between proteins are dynamic processes, and many tim...

    Authors: Isaac Amela, Pedro Delicado, Antonio Gómez, Sílvia Bonàs, Enrique Querol and Juan Cedano
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:37
  35. Enzymes belonging to the same super family of proteins in general operate on variety of substrates and are inhibited by wide selection of inhibitors. In this work our main objective was to expand the scope of ...

    Authors: Cristina Ribeiro, Roberto C Togawa, Izabella AP Neshich, Ivan Mazoni, Adauto L Mancini, Raquel C de Melo Minardi, Carlos H da Silveira, José G Jardine, Marcelo M Santoro and Goran Neshich
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:36
  36. Copper nucleases as a famous class of artificial metallonucleases have attracted considerable interest in relation to their diverse potentials not only as therapeutic agents but also in genomic researches. Cop...

    Authors: Hongwei Yue, Yanyan Zhu, Yan Wang and Guangju Chen
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:35
  37. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) form a vast and diverse family of highly variable sequences. They catalyze a wide variety of oxidative reactions and are therefore of great relevance in drug development a...

    Authors: Demet Sirim, Michael Widmann, Florian Wagner and Jürgen Pleiss
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:34

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Structural Biology 2012 12:4

  38. The first report on the transferable, plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance determinant qnrA1 was in 1998. Since then, qnr alleles have been discovered worldwide in clinical strains of Gram-negative bacilli. Qnr ...

    Authors: Qinglan Guo, Jingwei Weng, Xiaogang Xu, Minghua Wang, Xiaoying Wang, Xinyu Ye, Wenning Wang and Minggui Wang
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:33
  39. Various pattern-based methods exist that use in vitro or in silico affinity profiles for classification and functional examination of proteins. Nevertheless, the connection between the protein affinity profiles a...

    Authors: Zoltán Simon, Margit Vigh-Smeller, Ágnes Peragovics, Gábor Csukly, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Anna Á Rauscher, Balázs Jelinek, Péter Hári, István Bitter, András Málnási-Csizmadia and Pál Czobor
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:32
  40. Cyclophilin A (CypA) represents a potential target for antiretroviral therapy since inhibition of CypA suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication, although the mechanism through which C...

    Authors: Sara M Solbak, Tove R Reksten, Victor Wray, Karsten Bruns, Ole Horvli, Arnt J Raae, Petra Henklein, Peter Henklein, Rene Röder, David Mitzner, Ulrich Schubert and Torgils Fossen
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:31
  41. Cystatins are inhibitors of cysteine proteases. The majority are only weak inhibitors of human cathepsin B, which has been associated with cancer, Alzheimer's disease and arthritis.

    Authors: Napoleão F Valadares, Márcia Dellamano, Andrea Soares-Costa, Flávio Henrique-Silva and Richard C Garratt
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:30
  42. Despite the importance of β-strands as main building blocks in proteins, the propensity of amino acid in β-strands is not well-understood as it has been more difficult to determine experimentally compared to α-he...

    Authors: Nicholus Bhattacharjee and Parbati Biswas
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:29
  43. Laccases are enzymes that couple the oxidation of substrates with the reduction of dioxygen to water. They are the simplest members of the multi-copper oxidases and contain at least two types of copper centres...

    Authors: Isabel Bento, Catarina S Silva, Zhenjia Chen, Lígia O Martins, Peter F Lindley and Cláudio M Soares
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:28
  44. One of the major challenges in understanding enzyme catalysis is to identify the different conformations and their populations at detailed molecular level in response to ligand binding/environment. A detail de...

    Authors: Moitrayee Bhattacharyya and Saraswathi Vishveshwara
    Citation: BMC Structural Biology 2010 10:27